Some researchers have suggested that red wine is the reason of the superiority of the French’s cardiovascular health, others have contradicted them, arguing that the beneficial effect is due to ethanol from any alcoholic beverage, and others have contradicted everyone, claiming that ethanol consumed in any dose is toxic to the body. However, cardiovascular mortality is still low in France – despite the traditional diet including full fat cheese and delicious pastries – a phenomenon called the “French paradox”. And according to the World Health Organization, ischemic heart disease and stroke are responsible annually for about 22% of the global mortality rate (4). ![]() Then, many studies on the complex links between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease have created a great interest for the general public who understood the subliminal message: moderate alcohol consumption is important for preventing cardiovascular disease (3). ![]() Today, after 160 years, statistics show a lower cardiovascular mortality in wine-drinking countries than in beer or spirits drinking countries (2). ![]() ![]() In 1819, the Irish doctor Samuel Black observed that angina pectoris is much less common in France than in Ireland (1).
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